1. Grammar-Translation method.
A. Language must be analysed in order to learn it.
B. Drills and pattern practice help us learn structures.
C. Exercises help us to understand rules.
2. Total Physical Response (TPR)
A. Students hear dialogues then repeat them.
B. Students focus on understanding before speaking.
C. Students move round the classroom to carry out instructions.
3. Lexical Approach
A. Grammar is less important than vocabulary.
B. Each vocabulary item must be learnt by heart.
C. Students need to become aware of chunks of vocabulary.