TYPES OF FEEDBACK

As you know, feedback has many purposes on students learning. On the other hand, teachers as well know what she/he is doing well or wrong, so in this way teachers apply other methodologies and strategies that can work. To know about strengths and weaknesses there are different types of feedback that are: 

Informal feedback

Informal feedback can occur spontaneously in the moment or during the students' participation. Therefore informal feedback requires the building of rapport with students to effectively encourage, coach or guide them in their daily learning.

Formal feedback

Formal feedback is something that has been planning. It includes criteria, competencies or achievement of standards, and is recorded for both the student and organisation as evidence. It can be applied as an end-of-course assessment, such as, portfolios. Formative feedback has many purposes, the first one is to monitor student learning to provide ongoing feedback that can be used by teachers to improve their teaching and by students to improve their learning. Moreover, the second objective is to make students be concious about the mistakes they have made, so that they will not do it again. 

Summative feedback

The main objective of summative assessment is to evaluate student learning at the end of an unit. Thus, summative feedback consists of detailed comments that are related to specific aspects of their work, clearly explains how the mark was derived from the criteria provided and additional constructive comments on how the work could be improved.

Student peer feedback

Students can also participate giving feedback between partners. Students can learn to give quality feedback, which is highly valued by peers. Providing students with regular opportunities to give and receive peer feedback is helpful for their learning experiences and develops their professional skill set.

Student self feedback

Not only there are teacher's feedback, but also student's sel feedback and it helps students to be autonomous, identify, share, and clarify learning goals and to be critical students about their own tasks. Moreover, it provides guided opportunities for self-feedback; teach students how to use feedback to determine next steps and set goals; and allow time for self-feedback or reflection.

Constructive feedback

This type of feedback is specific, issue-focused and based on observations. 

• Negative feedback: It focuses on behaviour that wasn’t successful and shouldn’t be repeated.
• Positive feedback: It focuses on behaviour that was successful and should be continued.

References:

Klimova, B. (2015). The role of feedback in EFL classes. Elsevier Gezondheidszorg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.502 [2020]

Types of feedback. (2019, 5 noviembre). NSW government. Retrieved from: https://education.nsw.gov.au/teaching-and-learning/professional-learning/teacher-quality-and-accreditation/strong-start-great-teachers/refining-practice/feedback-to-students/types-of-feedback [August 8th, 2020]